October 2009

TRADESTATION: VOLUME-WEIGHTED MACD HISTOGRAM

The article “Volume-WeightedMacdHistogram” by David Hawkins in this issue suggests a method of incorporating volume data in the moving average convergence/divergence (Macd) histogram.

The article compares the standard Macd difference histogram (Macd_Diff) to a volume-weighted Macd difference histogram (VW_Macd). (See Figure 1.) Code for both is provided here. To display the VW_Macd and signal line, change the input “DisplayVW_Macd” to true.

Figure 1: TRADESTATION, volume-weighted MACD (VW_MACD) Vs. standard MACD. Here is an example of Hawkins’ volume-weighted moving average convergence/divergence indicator (VW_MACD) compared to the standard MACD display. The price history of Bedroom Bath & Beyond (BBBY) is displayed in subgraph 1 (top). BBBY’s volume history is in subgraph2. The Hawkins’ MACD difference (MACD_Diff) is shown in subgraph 3, and his volume-weighted MACD (VW_MACD) is at the bottom, in subgraph 4.

To download the EasyLanguage code for this study, go to the TradeStation and EasyLanguage Support Forum (https://www.tradestation.com/Discussions/forum.aspx?Forum_ID=213). Search for the file “VW_Macd.eld.”

This article is for informational purposes. No type of trading or investment recommendation, advice or strategy is being made, given or in any manner provided by TradeStation Securities or its affiliates.

Indicator:  VW_MACD
inputs: 
	FastLength( 12 ), 
	SlowLength( 26 ), 
	VW_MACDLength( 9 ), 
	DisplayVW_MACD( False ) ;
variables: 
	MyVolume( 0 ),
	VW_MACD( 0 ),  
	VW_MACDAvg( 0 ), 
	VW_MACDDiff( 0 ) ;

if BarType >= 2 and BarType < 5 then { not tick/minute data nor an advanced chart
	type (Kagi, Renko, Kase etc.) }
	MyVolume =  Volume
else { if tick/minute data or an advanced chart type;  in the case of minute data,
 also set the "For volume, use:" field in the Format Symbol dialog to Trade Vol or
 Tick Count, as desired;  when using advanced chart types, Ticks returns volume if
 the chart is built from 1-tick interval data }
	MyVolume =  Ticks ;

VW_MACD = ( XAverage( MyVolume * Close , FastLength ) 
	/ XAverage( MyVolume, FastLength ) )
	- (XAverage( MyVolume * Close , SlowLength ) 
	/ XAverage( MyVolume, SlowLength)) ;
VW_MACDAvg = Average( VW_MACD, VW_MACDLength ) ;
VW_MACDDiff = VW_MACD - VW_MACDAvg ;

if DisplayVW_MACD then
	begin
	Plot1( VW_MACD, "MACD" ) ;
	Plot2( VW_MACDAvg, "MACDAvg" ) ;
	end ;
Plot3( VW_MACDDiff, "MACDDiff" ) ;
Plot4( 0, "ZeroLine" ) ;


Strategy:  MACD_Diff
inputs: FastLength( 12 ), SlowLength( 26 ), MACDLength( 9 ) ;
variables: MyMACD( 0 ), MACDAvg( 0 ), MACDDiff( 0 ) ;

MyMACD = MACD( Close, FastLength, SlowLength ) ;
MACDAvg = XAverage( MyMACD, MACDLength ) ;
MACDDiff = MyMACD - MACDAvg ;

Plot1( MACDDiff, "MACDDiff" ) ;
Plot2( 0, "ZeroLine" ) ;

—Mark Mills
TradeStation Securities, Inc.
A subsidiary of TradeStation Group, Inc.
www.TradeStation.com

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WEALTH-LAB: VOLUME-WEIGHTED MACD HISTOGRAM

We’ve added the Vmacdh indicator to the TascIndicator library to save you the trouble of typing in the few lines of code needed to recreate David Hawkins’ indicator, the volume-weighted Macd histogram, described in his article in this issue.

Our script is a study for Wealth-Lab 5 that demonstrates how to access and plot both the traditional and volume-weighted Macd histograms. It makes an attempt to quantify which Macd version sports the most frequent occurrences of “one-bar wonders” by tallying the indicator series that “turned up” on or just prior to a 10% trough bar. On the chart, this is indicated by the highlight in the Macd pane (frequently occurring for both indicators simultaneously). The total tallies are given in the upper-left corner. See Figure 3.

Figure 3: WEALTH-LAB, VMACDH Vs. traditional MACD. In our estimation, using VMACDH in this manner does not provide a statistically significant advantage over MACD.

WealthScript Code (C#): 

/* Place the code within the namespace WealthLab.Strategies block; using TASCIndicators; */
public class MyStrategy : WealthScript
{
   StrategyParameter _short;
   StrategyParameter _long;
   StrategyParameter _sig;

   public MyStrategy()
   {
      _short = CreateParameter("Short Period", 12, 5, 50, 2);
      _long = CreateParameter("Long Period", 26, 20, 100, 2);
      _sig = CreateParameter("Signal Period", 9, 2, 40, 1);
   }

   protected override void Execute()
   {   
      EMACalculation calc = EMACalculation.Modern;
      int sPer = _short.ValueInt;
      int lPer = _long.ValueInt;
      int sigPer = _sig.ValueInt;
      
      ChartPane vPane = CreatePane( 40, true, true );
      ChartPane mPane = CreatePane( 40, true, true );

      // VMACDH from the TASCIndicator library
      DataSeries vmacdh = VMACDH.Series(Bars, sPer, lPer, sigPer);  
      PlotSeries( vPane, vmacdh, Color.Maroon, LineStyle.Histogram, 1);
      
      // Make the traditional MACD Histogram
      DataSeries hist = Divergence.Series(MACD.Series(Close), MAType.EMAModern, 9);
      PlotSeries( mPane, hist, Color.Green, LineStyle.Histogram, 1);
                        
      // A volume-weighted ema is easy enough to create in 1 statement 
      DataSeries vwema = EMA.Series(Close * Volume, sPer, calc) / EMA.Series(Volume, sPer, calc);
      vwema.Description = "VWEMA(Close*Volume," + sPer + ")";
      PlotSeries(PricePane, vwema, Color.Green, LineStyle.Solid, 2); 
      
      /* Highlight and tally the version of MACD that had the most-recent TurnUp on or prior to the trough bar */
      int vwCount = 0;
      int maCount = 0;
      int bar = Bars.Count - 1;         
      while( bar > 100 )
      {
         bar = (int)TroughBar.Series(Low, 10.0, PeakTroughMode.Percent)[bar]; 
         if( bar == -1 ) break;
         DrawCircle( PricePane, 8, bar, Low[bar], Color.Red, Color.FromArgb(70, Color.Red), LineStyle.Solid, 1, true );
                     
         bool found = false;
         for (int n = bar; n > bar - 5; n--)
         {
            if( vmacdh[bar] < 0 && TurnUp(n, vmacdh) ) {
               SetPaneBackgroundColor(vPane, n, Color.LightCoral);
               vwCount++;
               found = true;
            }
            if( hist[bar] < 0 && TurnUp(n, hist) ) {
               SetPaneBackgroundColor(mPane, n, Color.LightCoral);
               maCount++;
               found = true;
            }               
            if( found ) break;
         }            
         bar--;            
      }
      DrawLabel(PricePane, "VMACDH: " + vwCount);
      DrawLabel(PricePane, "MACD: " + maCount);
      PrintDebug(vwCount + "\t" + maCount);
   }
}

—Robert Sucher
www.wealth-lab.com

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NEUROSHELL TRADER: VOLUME-WEIGHTED MACD HISTOGRAM

The volume-weighted exponential moving average (Vwema) and the volume-weighted Macd histogram (Vmacdh ) described by David Hawkins in his article in this issue can be easily implemented in NeuroShell Trader by combining a few of NeuroShell Trader’s 800+ indicators. To recreate the indicators, select “New Indicator…” from the Insert menu and use the Indicator Wizard to set up the following indicators (see Figure 5 for a sample):

Figure 5: NEUROSHELL TRADER, Volume-Weighted MACD Histogram. Here is a sample NeuroShell Trader chart of the volume-weighted MACD histogram chart.

VWEMA:
Divide( ExpAvg( Multiply2( Volume, Close), 22 ), ExpAvg( Volume, 22 ) )

VMACD:
Subtract( Multiply2( 26, Divide( ExpAvg( Multiply2( Volume, Close), 26 ), ExpAvg( Volume, 26 )), Multiply2( 12, Divide( ExpAvg( Multiply2( Volume, Close), 12 ), ExpAvg( Volume, 12 )))

VMACD SIGNAL LINE:
ExpAvg ( VMACD, 9 )

VMACDH:
Subtract( VMACD, VMACD SIGNAL LINE )

—Marge Sherald, Ward Systems Group, Inc.
301 662-7950, sales@wardsystems.com
www.neuroshell.com

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AIQ: VOLUME-WEIGHTED MACD HISTOGRAM

The Aiq code is given here for the volume-weighted Macd presented in David Hawkins’ article in this issue, “Volume-Weighted Macd Histogram.”

The coded version that I have supplied also includes two systems that can be used to test the indicator. The first system only uses the standard Macd indicator and the second system uses the Vwmacd. The rules for the system are to go long when the Macd histogram peaks above zero and then declines for one bar, and exit when the indicator is above zero and then declines for one bar or after holding for 10 bars.

To test the indicator, I used three different lists of stocks: the S&P 100, the Nasdaq 100, and the Russell 1000 over the period 3/14/2003 to 8/11/2009. In the table in Figure 7, I show the comparative metrics of the long side using the standard and volume-weighted Macd indicators. In each test, the volume-weighted Macd metrics were somewhat better than the standard Macd.

Figure 7: AIQ SYSTEMS, Standard vs. volume-weighted MACD histogram. This table shows the comparative metrics for the system using the standard and volume-weighted MACD histogram indicators.

The code can be downloaded from the Aiq website at www.aiqsystems.com and also from www.TradersEdgeSystems.com/traderstips.htm.

! VOLUME-WEIGHTED MACD (VWMACD)
! Author: David Hawkins, TASC October 2009
! Coded by: Richard Denning 8/9/09
! www.TradersEdgeSystems.com

! INPUTS:
macdLenS is 12.
macdLenL is 26.
macdLenSig is 9.

! ABBREVIATIONS:
C is [close].
V is [volume].
PD is {position days}.

! VARIABLES:
VWemaS is expavg(V*C,macdLenS) / expavg(V,macdLenS).
VWemaL is expavg(V*C,macdLenL) / expavg(V,macdLenL).
VWMACD is VWemaS - VWemaL.		
! PLOT Line1 VWMACD
VWMACDsig is expavg(VWMACD,macdLenSig).	
! PLOT Line2 VWMACDsig

! VWMACD HISTOGRAM:
VWMACDH is VWMACD - VWMACDsig.      
! PLOT as VWMACD histogram

! STANDARD MACD:
emaS is expavg(C,macdLenS).
emaL is expavg(C,macdLenL).
MACD is emaS - emaL.			
! PLOT Line1 MACD
MACDsig is expavg(MACD,macdLenSig).	! PLOT Line2 MACDsig

! VWMACD HISTOGRAM:
MACDH is MACD - MACDsig.                      
! PLOT as MACD histogram

! SYSTEM TO TEST INDICATORS:
BuyStdMACD if MACDH < 0 and MACDH > valresult(MACDH,1).
ExitStdMACD if (MACDH > 0 and MACDH < valresult(MACDH,1)) or PD >= 10.
BuyVWMACD if VWMACDH < 0 and VWMACDH > valresult(VWMACDH,1).
ExitVWMACD if (VWMACDH > 0 and VWMACDH < valresult(VWMACDH,1)) or PD >= 10.

—Richard Denning
richard.denning@earthlink.net
for AIQ Systems

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STRATASEARCH: VOLUME-WEIGHTED MACD HISTOGRAM

Volume can be a helpful addition to an indicator, adding additional confirmation of price movements when volume is high, and minimizing the importance of those movements when volume is low. In “Volume-Weighted Macd Histogram” in this issue, author David Hawkins gives us a helpful method for adding this benefit to the Macd.

As Hawkins states, there are several ways to use the Macd. In our testing, the Vmacd did not provide significant benefit when using a zero-crossover approach. Holding periods were roughly one day shorter than with the traditional Macd, but this did not transfer to higher returns, perhaps because both winning and losing trades were shortened by one day.

However, using a divergence approach, the benefits of the Vmacd became more apparent (Figure 8). In particular, the average return for winning trades rose considerably, leading to significantly higher system returns than those of the traditional Macd. Thus, the use of the Vmacd can add benefit in some situations, and it can therefore be a helpful addition to the system trader’s toolbox.

Figure 8: STRATASEARCH, Volume-Weighted MACD Histogram. The VMACD often provides a helpful one-day lead over the traditional MACD. In this chart, the MACD is shown in the middle panel and the VMACD is shown in the bottom panel. One-day leads can be seen in April and late June.

As with all other Traders’ Tips, additional information, including plug-ins, can be found in the Shared Area of the StrataSearch user forum. This month’s plug-in allows Strata­Search users to quickly run this indicator in an automated search, seeking out supplemental indicators that can turn the Vmacd into a complete trading system.

//*********************************************************
// Volume-Weighted MACD Histogram
//*********************************************************
PeriodS = parameter("Short Period");
PeriodL = parameter("Long Period");
PeriodSig = parameter("Smooth Period");
LongMA = (PeriodL * mov(V*C, PeriodL, E)) /
	(PeriodL * mov(V, PeriodL, E));
ShortMA = (PeriodS * mov(V*C, PeriodS, E)) /
	(PeriodS * mov(V, PeriodS, E));
VMACD = (ShortMA - LongMA);
SignalLine = mov(VMACD, PeriodSig, E);
VMACDH = VMACD-SignalLine;

—Pete Rast
Avarin Systems, Inc.
www.StrataSearch.com

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TRADECISION: VOLUME-WEIGHTED MACD HISTOGRAM

The article by David Hawkins in this issue, “Volume-Weighted Macd Histogram,” demonstrates how to make the Macd histogram (Macdh) perform better by volume-weighting it.

To implement the technique, use the Indicator Builder in Tradecision to set up the following indicators:

Volume-weighted moving average:
input
 Period:"Enter number of periods",52, 1, 500; 
end_input

 var
 Per0:=Period;
 Vwma:= 0;
 end_var

 Vwma:= (CumSum(V * C, Per0) / CumSum(V, Per0));

 return Vwma;


Volume-weighted exponential moving average:
input
 Period:"Enter number of periods", 22, 1, 500;
end_input

 var
 Per0:=Period;
 Vwema:=0;
 end_var

 Vwema:=(Mov(V * C, Per0, E)) / (Mov(V, Per0, E));

 return Vwema;


Volume-weighted MACD histogram:
input
 PeriodS:"Enter short period", 12, 1, 500;  PeriodL:"Enter long  period", 26, 2, 501;  PeriodSig:"Enter smoothing period", 9, 1, 200;
end_input

 var
 PerS:=PeriodS;
 PerL:=PeriodL;
 PerSig:=PeriodSig;
 LongMA:=0;
 ShortMA:=0;
 VMACD:=0;
 SignalLine:=0;
 end_var

 LongMA:=(PerL * Mov(V * C, PerL, E)) / (PerL * Mov(V, PerL, E));  ShortMA:=(PerS * Mov(V * C, PerS, E)) / (PerS * Mov(V, PerS, E));  VMACD:=(ShortMA - LongMA);  SignalLine:=Mov(VMACD, PerSig, E);

return VMACD - SignalLine;

To import the strategy into Tradecision, visit the area “Traders’ Tips from TASC Magazine” at www.tradecision.com/support/tasc_tips/tasc_traders_tips.htm or copy the code from the Stocks & Commodities website at www.traders.com.

A sample chart is shown in Figure 9.

FIGURE 9: TRADECISION, VOLUME-WEIGHTED EMA VS. VOLUME-WEIGHTED MA. The VWEMA, VWMA, and volume-weighted MACD histogram are plotted on a daily chart of INTC for comparison.

—Anna Collins, Alyuda Research
510 931-7808, sales@tradecision.com
www.tradecision.com

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SWINGTRACKER: VOLUME-WEIGHTED MACD HISTOGRAM

(For Windows, Mac, or Linux)

The Vmacdh indicator (volume-weighted Macd histogram) has been introduced in SwingTracker 5.15.101 based on David Hawkins’ article in this issue, “Volume-Weighted Macd Histogram.” A sample chart is shown in Figure 11. The chart parameters window is shown in Figure 12.

FIGURE 11: SWINGTRACKER, SAMPLE CHART OF VOLUME-WEIGHTED MACD HISTOGRAM

FIGURE 12: SWINGTRACKER, CHART PARAMETERS

To discuss these tools, please visit our forum at forum.mrswing.com. Our development staff can assist you at support.mrswing.com. For more information on our free trial, visit www.swingtracker.com.

—Larry Swing
281 968-2718
Yahoo&Skype ID: larry_swing
theboss@mrswing.com, www.mrswing.com

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UPDATA: VOLUME-WEIGHTED MACD HISTOGRAM

This Traders’ Tip is based on “Volume-Weighted Macd Histogram” by David Hawkins. In his article, Hawkins constructs a volume-weighted exponential moving average and uses this to construct the Macd. He then imposes a non—volume-weighted exponential average signal line on the Macd to create the volume-weighted Macd histogram. Volume-weighting the exponential moving averages makes them respond more when volume is higher and less when its lower, which results in the Macdh becoming a better leading indicator.

The code to replicate the Macdh is simple. The Updata code shown here can also be found in the Updata Custom Indicator Library and may be downloaded by clicking the Custom menu and then “Custom Indicator Library.” Those who cannot access the library due to firewall issues may paste the following code into the Updata custom editor and save it.

' Volume-Weighted MACD Histogram by David Hawkins
' October 2009 issue of Stocks and Commodities Magazine
NAME Volume Weighted MACD Histogram
INDICATORTYPE CHART NEWWINDOW
DISPLAYSTYLE HISTOGRAM
PARAMETER "Period 1" #PERIOD1=12
PARAMETER "Period 2" #PERIOD2=26
PARAMETER "Signal Period" #PERIOD3=9
@WEIGHT=0  
@AVE1=0
@AVE2=0
@VOLAVE1=0
@VOLAVE2=0
@VMACD=0
FOR #CURDATE=0 to #LASTDATE 
   @WEIGHT=CLOSE*VOL
   @AVE1=SGNL(@WEIGHT,#PERIOD1,E)
   @AVE2=SGNL(@WEIGHT,#PERIOD2,E)
   @VOLAVE1=SGNL(VOL,#PERIOD1,E)
   @VOLAVE2=SGNL(VOL,#PERIOD2,E)
   IF @VOLAVE1>0 AND @VOLAVE2>0
      @VMACD=(@AVE1/@VOLAVE1)-(@AVE2/@VOLAVE2)
      @PLOT=@VMACD-SGNL(@VMACD,#PERIOD3,E)
   ENDIF   
NEXT

See Figure 14 for a sample chart.

Figure 14: UPDATA. This sample chart shows what BE Aerospace has done in the days or weeks since Hawkins’ article leaves off. The July divergence he points out has resulted in a big move. There is now bearish divergence between the August highs and the MACDH.

—Updata Support team
support@updata.co.uk
www.updata.co.uk

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WAVE59: VOLUME-WEIGHTED MACD HISTOGRAM

In his article “Volume-WeightedMacd Histogram” in this issue, David Hawkins implements a volume-weighted moving average in calculating the popular Macd technical study, improving its sensitivity and reducing lag.

Figure 16 is a weekly chart of Aapl with Hawkins’ study applied. Notice the divergence at the December 2008 lows, signaling a move to the upside. More important, notice the bearish divergence that has been forming since May, suggesting that Aapl’s strong upward move may soon lose some steam.

figure 16: WAVE59, volume-weighted MACD histogram. Showing the volume-weighted MACD histogram indicator running on a weekly chart of AAPL.

The following script implements this indicator in Wave59. As always, users of Wave59 can download these scripts directly using the QScript Library found at https://www.wave59.com/library.

Indicator:  SC_Hawkins_VMACD
input: short(12), long(26), smooth(9), raw_color(red),
  smooth_color(blue), histogram_color(green), thickness(1),
  show_lines(true), show_histogram(true);

# calculate long average
long1 = xaverage(volume*close, long);
long2 = xaverage(volume, long);
if (long2 != 0)
   longma = long1/long2;

#calculate short average
short1 = xaverage(volume*close, short);
short2 = xaverage(volume, short);
if (short2 ! =  0)
   shortma = short1/short2;

#calculate macd lines
vmacd = shortma - longma;
signalline = xaverage(vmacd, smooth);

#plot everything
if (show_lines) {
    plot1 = vmacd;
    color1 = raw_color;
    plot2 = signalline;
    color2 = smooth_color;
    thickness1, thickness2 = thickness;
}
if (show_histogram) {
    plot3 = vmacd - signalline;
    color3 = histogram_color;
    style3 = ps_histogram;
    thickness3 = thickness;
}
--------------------------------------------

—Earik Beann
Wave59 Technologies Int’l, Inc.
www.wave59.com

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TRADE IDEAS: VOLUME-WEIGHTED MACD HISTOGRAM

“It’s all about maximizing the frosting:cupcake ratio.” —Steven Place, professional options trader, StockTwits Network contributor

This month’s Traders’ Tip is based on “Volume-Weighted Macd Histogram” by David Hawkins in this issue. Our model this month shares the same goal as Hawkins — how best to incorporate volume into a moving average indicator. We also assign the most weight in our calculations to the most recent results — in our case, even in real time.

While modeling our strategy, we discovered an interesting pattern based on finding Macd tops. We liked the results as reported by our event-based backtesting tool, The OddsMaker, so much that we present the strategy, the backtest, and all the settings here.

Description: “MACD Tops” 
Provided by:
Trade Ideas (copyright © Trade Ideas LLC 2009). All rights reserved. For educational purposes only.  
Remember these are sketches meant to give an idea how to model a trading plan. Trade-Ideas.com and 
all individuals affiliated with this site assume no responsibilities for trading and investment results.

Type or copy/paste this shortened string directly into a browser, then copy/paste the full-length link into Trade-Ideas Pro using the “Collaborate” feature (right-click in any strategy window):

https://bit.ly/smiFw  (case-sensitive)

This strategy also appears on the Trade Ideas blog at https://marketmovers.blogspot.com/, or you can build the strategy from Figure 18, which shows the configuration of this strategy, where one alert and four filters are used with the following settings:

• 20-period SMA crossed above the 200-period SMA (two-minute) alert
• Min price = 5 ($)
• Max price = 100 ($)
• Min daily volume = 500,000 (shares/day)
• Min current volume = 5 (ratio)

Figure 18: TRADE IDEAS, ALERTS CONFIGURATION

The definitions of these indicators appear here: https://www.trade-ideas.com/Help.html.

That’s the strategy, but what about the trading rules? How should the opportunities that the strategy finds be traded?

To recap briefly, The OddsMaker doesn’t just look at a basket of stocks, à priori, to generate backtest results. Rather, it considers any stock that matched a desired pattern in the market, finds that stock, and applies the backtest’s rule set before summing up the results into a detailed set of totals: win rate, average winner, average loser, net winnings, and confidence factor (Figure 20).

In summary, this strategy trades the entire day of the market, buying when the 20-period Sma crosses above the 200-period Sma (two-minute) signals. We evaluated several time frames, but were ultimately led to a hold time lasting until the open after a five-day hold time with no stop value assigned or predetermined profit target. You may decide conservatively and based on The OddsMaker average loss results (see Figure 20) that a $0.60 stop is necessary.

Here is what The OddsMaker tested for the past 30 days ended 8/3/2009 given the following trade rules:

• On each alert, buy (long) the symbol (price moves up to be a successful trade)
• Schedule an exit for the stocks at the open after five days
• Trade the entire market session.

The OddsMaker summary provides the evidence of how well this strategy and our trading rules did. The settings are shown in Figure 19.

FIGURE 19: TRADE IDEAS, ODDSMAKER BACKTESTING CONFIGURATION

The results (last backtested for the 15-day period ended 8/3/2009) are shown in Figure 20. The summary reads as follows: This strategy generated 141 trades of which 100 were profitable for a win rate of 71%. The average winning trade generated $1.61 in profit and the average loser lost $0.60. That’s more than a 2:1 win-to-loss ratio. The net winnings of using this strategy for 15 trading days generated $137.14 points. If you normally trade in 100-share lots, this strategy would have generated $13,714. The z-score or confidence factor that the next set of results will fall within this strategy’s average winner and loser is 100%.

FIGURE 20: TRADE IDEAS, BACKTEST RESULTS

Learn more about these backtest results from The OddsMaker by going to the online user’s manual at https://www.trade-ideas.com/OddsMaker/Help.html. If you are interested in more volume-weighted alerts, you can read about volume-weighted average price (Vwap) here: https://www.trade-ideas.com/Help.html#CAVC.

—Dan Mirkin & David Aferiat
Trade Ideas, LLC
david@trade-ideas.com, www.trade-ideas.com

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